Resumen Introducción: El cáncer de mama (CaMa) es el tipo de cáncer con una alta tasa de mortalidad y su diagnóstico oportuno, permitiría una mayor probabilidad de sobrevivencia. Actualmente hay diversos procedimientos para su detección, sin embargo, una posible alternativa no invasiva mediante la detección de compuestos orgánicos volátiles (COV) en el aliento (exhalómica) de las pacientes se está explorando. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática (hasta junio de 2022) de publicaciones sobre la detección mediante cromatografía de gases de COV en el aliento de mujeres con mama sana, con lesiones benignas o invasoras y en líneas celulares, para buscar potenciales oncometabolitos. Resultados: Existe una gran heterogeneidad de COV (principalmente alcanos) en las pacientes analizadas, además de diferencias entre las distintas poblaciones. Discusión: Aun cuando hay detección de COV exhalados, es necesario un mayor número de estudios. De manera interesante, un grupo de COV son compartidos con otros tipos de cáncer. Conclusiones: Al momento, no se conoce el perfil de COV exhalados asociados con certeza al paciente de CaMa.

Abstract Background: Breast cancer (BrCa) present a highest mortality rate, and its early diagnosis could improve the survival of the patient. At present, there are leading tests used for BrCa detection, but a novel alternative, non-invasive test, such as breath analysis (exhalomic) of volatile organic compounds (VOC) are being taken into consideration. Methods: A systematic review (until June 2022) about VOC detection from breath by using gas chromatography was performed. The goal was to identify probable oncometabolites in the gas sample from healthy breast tissue women, benign or malignant lesions, and including cultured cell lines. Results: There are a complex heterogeneity of exhaled VOC mainly alkanes in the analyzed samples, and between the different populations. Discussion: Even when exhaled VOC are detected, some more works should be performed to have conclusions. Interestingly some VOC are shared with other cancer types. Conclusions: Nowadays, there is no specific BrCa VOC-profile associated for BrCa or benign lesions diagnosis.

Resumen Constantemente los forrajes deben realizar procesos de adaptación a los diferentes cambios en los factores ambientales lo cual conlleva a que sus variables fisiológicas se vean afectadas. El objetivo fue evaluar el comportamiento fisiológico de siete especies forrajeras tropicales en diferentes condiciones ambientales durante 2019 en Palmira, Colombia. Se implementó un diseño de bloques completos al azar, en tres localidades con diferentes altitudes, con cuatro repeticiones por especie para un total de 28 unidades experimentales por localidad. Se utilizó un analizador de medición fotosintético portátil Lcpro+, para la toma de datos de la tasa de fotosíntesis (TA), conductancia estomática (G s ), tasa de transpiración (E) y CO2 Interno (Ci). Los datos recolectados fueron analizados mediante una comparación de medias con la prueba de Duncan (p≤ 0.05). Los indicadores fisiológicos de la especie Estrella, Kikuyo y la leguminosa Centrosema molle en las tres altitudes y las dos épocas demostrarían los mecanismos de adaptación que estas desarrollan en lugares adversos a los que se establecen.

Abstract Forages must constantly carry out processes of adaptation to different changes in environmental factors, which leads to their physiological variables being affected. The objective was to evaluate the physiological behavior of seven tropical forage species under different environmental conditions in 2019 in Palmira, Colombia. A randomized complete block design was implemented in three localities with different altitudes, with four repetitions per species for a total of 28 experimental units per locality. An Lcpro+ portable photosynthetic measurement analyzer was used to collect data on photosynthesis rate (TA), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E) and Internal CO2 (Ci). The collected data were analyzed by a comparison of means with Duncan’s test (p≤ 0.05). The physiological indicators of the species Star, Kikuyu and the legume Centrosema molle in the three altitudes and the two seasons would demonstrate the mechanisms of adaptation that they develop in adverse places in which they are established.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare the productive performance and profitability of the fattening of Kathadin male and female lambs (n=97) in confinement treated with Zeranol (ZNL), androgens (AND) and ZNL+AND under a 2x4 factorial design. The lambs treated with ZNL received 0.2 mg/kg of body weight (BW) every 28 d, those treated with AND received Nandrolone Decanoate + Trenbolone + Boldenone Undecinelate, via IM in doses of 0.3 mg/kg + 0.4 mg/kg + 0.3 mg/kg of BW, respectively, every 28 d, those treated with ZL+AND received the same doses of the mentioned drugs, while those in the control group received 0.5 ml of saline solution. Final body weight (FBW), daily weight gain (DWG), feed conversion (FC) on dry basis (DM) and wet basis (WM), and voluntary intake (VC) in DM and WM were evaluated. The FBW was different (p<0.05) between treatments in males and females. The DWG was higher (p<0.05) for females treated with AND compared to those treated with ZNL and AND+ZNL, being the latter similar to those of the control group. Females treated with AND registered a lower (p<0.05) VC compared to those treated with ZNL and AND+ZNL. Net utility, benefit: cost ratio and profitability were better in animals treated with AND. The administration of AND represents a viable alternative to make more efficient the confinement fattening systems of lambs.

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el desempeño productivo y la rentabilidad de una engorda de corderos machos y hembras Kathadin (n=97) en confinamiento tratados con Zeranol (ZNL), andrógenos (AND) y ZNL+AND bajo un diseño factorial 2x4. Los corderos tratados con ZNL recibieron 0.2 mg/kg de peso vivo (PV) cada 28 d, los tratados conAND recibieron Decanoato de nandrolona + Trembolona + Undecinelato de boldenona, vía IM en dosis de 0.3 mg/kg + 0.4 mg/kg + 0.3 mg/kg de PV, respectivamente, cada 28 d, los tratados con ZL+AND recibieron las mismas dosis de los fármacos mencionados, en tanto que los del grupo control recibieron 0.5 ml de solución salina. Se evaluó el peso vivo final (PVF), ganancia diaria de peso (GDP), conversión alimenticia (CA) en base seca (BS) y base húmeda (BH), y el consumo voluntario (CV) en BS y BH. El PVF fue diferente (p<0.05) entre tratamientos en hembras y machos. La GDP resultó mayor (p<0.05) para hembras tratadas con AND en comparación con las tratadas con ZNL y AND+ZNL, siendo las últimas similares a las del grupo control. Las hembras tratadas con AND registraron un menor(p<0.05) CV en comparación con las tratadas con ZNL y AND+ZNL. La utilidad neta, relación beneficio: costo y rentabilidad fueron mejores en los animales tratados con AND. La administración de AND representa una alternativa viable para hacer más eficiente los sistemas de engorda de corderas y corderos en confinamiento.

Resumen Introducción: El declive mundial de los arrecifes de coral, ha impulsado a la restauración coralina como una estrategia viable para recuperar especies de coral fundacionales, en estado vulnerable. Los corales pétreos se propagan por miles, tanto en viveros subacuáticos como ex situ (en tierra). Siendo el segundo método poco explorado en Costa Rica, a pesar de sus potenciales beneficios como medida como herramienta de manejo arrecifal. Objetivo: Analizar la viabilidad del cultivo ex situ de las especies de coral constructoras de arrecifes Porites lobata y Pocillopora damicornis en el módulo de acuicultura del Parque Marino del Pacífico (PMP), Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Métodos: Desde el 17 de mayo hasta el 17 de octubre de 2018, se mantuvieron un total de 180 fragmentos de coral en un sistema de recirculación de acuicultura. Se registraron la supervivencia, el crecimiento y el rendimiento de los fragmentos en relación con el medio de cultivo (parámetros fisicoquímicos). Resultados: La tasa de supervivencia y crecimiento varió entre especies y tanques de cultivo. En promedio, los fragmentos de P. lobata supervivientes (68.89 %) colocados en el tanque 1 (T1) crecieron un 216 %. En contraste con los fragmentos colocados en el tanque 2 (T2) que mostraron una tasa de supervivencia del 71.11 % y un aumento del 277 % en el área de tejido vivo. En el caso de P. damicornis, los porcentajes de supervivencia, de aumento del área basal y del área de la corona fueron: 71.11 %, 980 %, y 366 %, y 100 %, 976 %, y 287 % para los fragmentos colocados en T1 y T2, respectivamente. Aunque la supervivencia y el crecimiento de los fragmentos fueron positivos, el rendimiento en términos de cultivo fue bajo, debido a que las condiciones en los tanques no cumplían con las condiciones ideales para el cultivo de corales. Conclusiones: La supervivencia y el crecimiento de ambas especies variaron en función del tanque en el que se colocaron. La supervivencia fue similar a la observada en otros estudios ex situ y el crecimiento fue similar al reportado en la naturaleza, pero el rendimiento del cultivo fue bajo. Los sistemas de acuicultura del PMP constituyen una buena base para el cultivo de corales, sin embargo, para que el esfuerzo de cultivo alcance un máximo de rendimiento, los sistemas actuales deben optimizarse en función de los requisitos de las especies de coral objetivo.

Abstract Introduction: Coral reefs worldwide decline has prompted coral restoration as a viable strategy to rewild vulnerable, foundational coral species. Stony corals are now propagated by thousands in both in-water and ex situ (land-based) coral nurseries, the latter being unexplored in Costa Rica, despite their potential benefits as a reef management tool. Objective: To analyze the viability of ex situ culturing of the Pacific reef-building corals Porites lobata and Pocillopora damicornis at Parque Marino del Pacífico (PMP), Puntarenas, Costa Rica, aquaculture facilities. Methods: From May to October 2018 a total of 180 coral fragments were kept in an aquaculture recirculated system. Survival, growth, and fragment yield in relation to culture medium (physicochemical parameters) were recorded. Results: Survival and growth rate varied between species and culture tanks. On average, surviving P. lobata fragments (68.89 %) placed in Tank 1 (T1) grew 216 %, while fragments placed in Tank 2 (T2) had a survival rate of 71.11 % and an increase of 277 % in live tissue area. P. damicornis fragments survival, basal and crown area percentage increase were: 71.11 %, 980 % and 366 % in T1, and 100 %, 976 % and 287 % in T2. Although fragments survival and growth were net positive, the yield in terms of culture was low, due to culture conditions in the tanks not meeting coral culture optimal requirements. Conclusions: Survival and growth of both species varied depending on the tank in which they were placed. Survival was similar to that found in other ex situ studies and growth was similar to those reported in the wild, however culture performance in terms of yield was low. Aquaculture systems at PMP constitute a good base for the cultivation of corals, however for the culture effort to achieve maximum yield, current systems must be optimized according to the requirements of the target coral species.

Abstract Background: Since the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, patients with chronic kidney disease vulnerable to suffering more severe COVID-19 disease and worse outcomes have been identified Objectives: Our study's aim was to determine the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients of hemodialysis (HD) units in Mexico and to describe the availability of confirmatory testing Methods: This study was multicentric study of 19 HD units, conducted between March 2020 and March 2021 Results: From a total of 5779 patients, 955 (16.5%) cases of suspicious COVID-19 were detected; a SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test was done in only 50.6% of patients. Forty-five percentages were hospitalized and 6% required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). There was no significant difference in mortality between confirmed (131/483) and suspicious (124/472) cases (p = 0.74). The percentage of patients in need of hospitalization, IMV, and deceased was greater than in the rest of the study population Conclusions: The study revealed that 49.4% of the cases were not confirmed, a worrisome observation given that this is a highly vulnerable population (higher probability of contagion and worse outcomes), in which 100% of patients should have a confirmatory test

Resumen Introducción: Las malformaciones congénitas del sistema nervioso central (SNC) son el segundo defecto congénito más común después de las malformaciones cardiacas y pueden asociarse a mortalidad y discapacidad infantil. Objetivo: estudiar la incidencia de las principales malformaciones congénitas del SNC y factores asociados en recién nacidos atendidos en un hospital público de segundo nivel en Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, que incluyó a 113 recién nacidos con malformaciones del SNC. Se precisó el diagnóstico, se obtuvo información de los padres: edad, escolaridad, ocupación, control prenatal, ingesta de ácido fólico, exposición a plaguicidas. Se integró una base de datos en el programa estadístico Epi Info versión 3.4.3, se realizó un análisis univariado y bivariado mediante la prueba chi cuadrada y un valor p < 0.05 se consideró un resultado significativo. Resultados: las malformaciones más frecuentes fueron: hidrocefalia (45.1%), Arnold-Chiari (32.7%) y encefalocele (8.0%). El porcentaje de casos fue más elevado (78.8%) en madres cuyo primer embarazo fue entre los 13 y 20 años (p < 0.05). El 40.2% de las madres durante el embarazo estuvieron expuestas a insecticidas y 39.8% a herbicidas y fungicidas. Únicamente el 15.4% de las madres consumieron ácido fólico durante el primer trimestre del embarazo. Conclusión: es grave y preocupante la alta incidencia de anormalidades congénitas del SNC, lo cual podrían estar asociado con la exposición de plaguicidas y deficiencias en la ingesta de ácido fólico. Consecuentemente se necesita fortalecer la atención prenatal y la alfabetización en salud para coadyuvar en la disminución de estos padecimientos.

Abstract Introduction: Malformations of the central nervous system (CNS), the type of congenital defect second only to cardiac malformations, cause infant disability and mortality. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of congenital malformations of the CNS in newborns treated at a regional public hospital in Southern Mexico and explore the associated factors. Methods: This descriptive study included 113 newborns with CNS malformations. A specific diagnosis was provided and information was obtained from the parents in relation to age, schooling, occupation, prenatal control, intake of folic acid, and exposure to pesticides. A database was created in the statistical program Epi Info version 3.4.3 to carry out univariate and bivariate analyses using the Chi-square test, with significance considered at p < 0.05. Results: The most frequent malformations were hydrocephalus (45.1%), Arnold-Chiari (32.7%), and encephalocele (8.0%). Of the 113 newborns herein examined, a greater percentage of congenital malformations was found when the first pregnancy took place in mothers 12-19 versus over 19 years of age (78.8% vs. 21.2%, respectively; p < 0.05). Furthermore, 40.2% of mothers were exposed to insecticides and 39.8% to herbicides and/or fungicides before or during pregnancy. Only 15.4% of the mothers consumed folic acid during the first trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion: The incidence of congenital abnormalities of the CNS in newborns is a serious problem, perhaps associated with exposure of the mother to pesticides and a deficient intake of folic acid. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen prenatal care and health literacy to help reduce the occurrence of these disorders.

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever as características clínicas e os diferentes fenótipos de crianças com síndrome inflamatória multissistêmica na criança temporalmente relacionada com a COVID-19 (do inglês multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children — MIS-C) e avaliar as condições de risco que favorecem a maior gravidade da doença durante um período de 12 meses em um hospital pediátrico de referência na Colômbia. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 12 meses de observação de crianças menores de 18 anos que cumprem os critérios para o MIS-C. Resultados: Vinte e oito crianças foram apresentadas com os critérios do MIS-C. A idade média era de sete anos, e 54% eram do sexo masculino. Para além da febre (100%) (com início quatro dias antes da admissão), as características clínicas mais frequentes eram gastrointestinais (86%) e mucocutâneas (61%). Quatorze crianças (50%) apresentavam sintomas semelhantes aos de Kawasaki. As anomalias ecocardiográficas mais frequentes foram derrame pericárdico (64%), envolvimento valvar (68%), disfunção ventricular (39%) e anomalias coronárias (29%). Tinham linfopenia 75% das crianças. Todas tinham algum teste de coagulação anormal. A maioria recebeu imunoglobulina intravenosa (89%), glucocorticoides (82%), vasopressores (54%) e antibióticos (64%). Tiveram envolvimento mais grave 61% dos pacientes, que precisaram ser internados em unidade de terapia intensiva (mediana de quatro dias, média de seis dias); os preditores de gravidade foram pacientes com fenótipo inflamatório/ MIS-C (odds ratio — OR 26,5; intervalo de confiança — IC95% 1,4–503,7; p=0,029) e erupção cutânea (OR 14,7; IC95% 1,2–178,7; p=0,034). Dois pacientes (7%) apresentavam síndrome de ativação macrofágica. Conclusões: Alteração da artéria coronária, disfunção ventricular e internação na unidade de terapia intensiva foram frequentes, o que nos alerta sobre a importância da suspeita clínica precoce.

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and the different phenotypes of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) temporally related to COVID-19 and to evaluate the risk conditions that favored a greater severity of the disease during a 12-month period at a pediatric reference hospital in Colombia. Methods: A 12-month retrospective observational study of children under the age of 18 years who met criteria for MIS-C. Results: A total of 28 children presented MIS-C criteria. The median age was 7 years. Other than fever (100%) (onset 4 days prior to admission), the most frequent clinical features were gastrointestinal (86%) and mucocutaneous (61%). Notably, 14 (50%) children had Kawasaki-like symptoms. The most frequent echocardiographic abnormalities were pericardial effusion (64%), valvular involvement (68%), ventricular dysfunction (39%), and coronary artery abnormalities (29%). In addition, 75% had lymphopenia. All had at least one abnormal coagulation test. Most received intravenous immunoglobulin (89%), glucocorticoids (82%), vasopressors (54%), and antibiotics (64%). Notably, 61% had a more severe form of the disease and were admitted to an intensive care unit (median 4 days, mean 6 days); the severity predictors were patients with the inflammatory/MIS-C phenotype (OR 26.5; 95%CI 1.40–503.7; p=0.029) and rash (OR 14.7; 95%CI 1.2–178.7; p=0.034). Two patients had macrophage activation syndrome. Conclusions: Coronary artery abnormalities, ventricular dysfunction, and intensive care unit admission were frequent, which needs to highlight the importance of early clinical suspicion.

Resumen OBJETIVO: Describir las características sociodemográficas y clínicas y determinar los factores asociados con la hospitalización y la oportunidad de consulta en embarazadas notificadas con dengue en Cali, Colombia. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, analítico y retrospectivo de base poblacional. Descripción de las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de las embarazadas con dengue que se notificaron al Sistema de Vigilancia en Salud Pública (SIVIGILA). Para identificar los factores asociados con la hospitalización se aplicó un modelo de regresión logística y para el procesamiento estadístico se utilizó SPSS versión 26. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 674 embarazadas con dengue, 63.9% (n = 431) sin signos de alarma, 36.1% (n = 243) con signos de alarma y ningún caso de dengue grave. En cuanto a la conducta, el 42.3% ( n = 285) se trató de manera ambulatoria, 39.5% (n = 266) en el hospital;12.5% (n = 84) permaneció en observación, 1.9% (n = 13) requirió el envío a otro centro de salud para su hospitalización y el 3.9% (n = 26) requirió atención en cuidados intensivos. CONCLUSIONES: En las embarazadas, la infección por dengue aumenta la morbilidad; los principales factores asociados con la hospitalización fueron: trombocitopenia, hipotensión, dolor abdominal, erupción cutánea y vómito. Por parte de las entidades de salud y la comunidad se requieren intervenciones efectivas enfocadas a la manipulación de residuos y educación e insistencia en los principales signos de alarma por los que deben solicitar la consulta médica.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and to determine the factors associated with hospitalization and timeliness of consultation in pregnant women notified with dengue fever in Cali, Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, analytical and retrospective population-based study. Description of the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of pregnant women with dengue reported to the Public Health Surveillance System (SIVIGILA). A logistic regression model was applied to identify factors associated with hospitalization and SPSS version 26 was used for statistical processing. RESULTS: A total of 674 pregnant women with dengue were studied, 63.9% (n = 431) without alarm signs, 36.1% (n = 243) with alarm signs and no cases of severe dengue. In terms of behavior, 42.3% ( n = 285) were treated on an outpatient basis, 39.5% (n = 266) in hospital;12.5% (n = 84) remained under observation, 1.9% (n = 13) required referral to another health center for hospitalization and 3.9% (n = 26) required intensive care. CONCLUSIONS: In pregnant women, dengue infection increases morbidity; the main factors associated with hospitalization were: thrombocytopenia, hypotension, abdominal pain, rash, and vomiting. On the part of the health entities and the community, effective interventions focused on waste handling and education and insistence on the main warning signs for which they should seek medical consultation are required.

Abstract Introduction The effects of virtualization on the learning of higher education students are still uncertain, during the year 2022 face-to-face activities returned and others remained in the online format. The latter is the subject of this study. Objective To identify the scope and challenges of synchronous virtual tutorials, carried out in the post-pandemic period, based on the experience and the opinion of occupational therapy professors, and students from a Chilean university. Methodology A mixed methodology is used; information is produced through a focus group with 11 professors and through a questionnaire answered by 76 students. Analysis of the thematic content of the qualitative data and descriptive statistics of the quantitative data is carried out. For the integration of the information produced, data triangulation is used. Results Synchronous virtual tutorials are useful for the acquisition of various types of learning such as the ability to articulate theory with practice. They are space that favors emotional support, offers mutual support to students, and allows the development of social thinking, reflection, and situated. Simultaneously, the findings show the preference by the students for individual learning over the need to produce learning and knowledge collaboratively in post-pandemic times. Conclusions It is suggested to have a significant number and variety of methodologies in synchronous virtual tutorials and that these consider the contexts in which professional practice is carried out.

Resumen Introducción Los efectos de la virtualización en los aprendizajes de los/as estudiantes de la educación superior son aún inciertos, durante el año 2022 se retoman las actividades presenciales y otras se mantienen en el formato on-line. Estas últimas son objeto de este estudio. Objetivo Identificar los alcances y desafíos de las tutorías virtuales sincrónicas, realizadas en periodo postpandemia, a partir de la experiencia y opinión de docentes y estudiantes de terapia ocupacional de una universidad chilena. Metodología Metodología de carácter mixto, a través de un grupo focal con 11 docentes y por medio de un cuestionario contestado por 76 estudiantes. Se realiza análisis del contenido temático de los datos cualitativos y estadística descriptiva los datos cuantitativos. Para la integración de la información producida se utiliza la triangulación de datos. Resultados Las tutorías virtuales sincrónicas son útiles para la adquisición de varios aprendizajes como la capacidad de articular la teoría con la práctica, siendo un espacio que favorece la contención emocional, ofrece apoyo mutuo a los/as estudiantes y permite el desarrollo de un pensamiento social, reflexivo y situado. Simultáneamente, los hallazgos dan cuenta de la preferencia por parte de los/as estudiantes por el aprendizaje individual por sobre la necesidad de producir aprendizajes y conocimientos de manera colaborativa en tiempos postpandemia. Conclusiones Se sugiere contar en las tutorías virtuales sincrónicas con un importante número y variedad de metodologías y que éstas consideren los contextos en los que se realiza la práctica profesional.

Resumo Introdução Os efeitos da virtualização na aprendizagem dos alunos do ensino superior ainda são incertos, durante o ano de 2022 as atividades presenciais foram retomadas e outras permaneceram no formato online. Estas últimas são objeto deste estudo. Objetivo Identificar o alcance e os desafios das tutorias virtuais síncronas, realizadas no período pós-pandemia, com base na experiência e opinião de professores e alunos de curso de graduação em terapia ocupacional de uma universidade chilena. Metodologia Metodologia mista, com informação produzida através de um grupo focal com 11 professores e através de um questionário respondido por 76 alunos. É realizada análise de conteúdo temática dos dados qualitativos e estatística descritiva dos dados quantitativos. Para a integração das informações produzidas, utiliza-se a triangulação de dados. Resultados As tutorias virtuais síncronas são úteis para a aquisição de vários tipos de aprendizagem, como a capacidade de articular a teoria com a prática, caracterizando-se como um espaço que favorece o apoio emocional, oferece apoio mútuo aos alunos e permite o desenvolvimento do pensamento social, reflexivo e situado. Simultaneamente, os achados mostram a preferência dos alunos pela aprendizagem individual em detrimento da necessidade de produzir aprendizagem e conhecimento de forma colaborativa em tempos pós-pandemia. Conclusões Sugere-se um número significativo e variado de metodologias nas tutorias virtuais síncronas e que estas considerem os contextos em que se desenvolve a prática profissional.

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the relationship between the ductus venosus (DV) and the variables of fetal growth in the first trimester in a Colombian pregnant population. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with secondary data obtained from a multicenter study.526 patients were included between weeks 11 and 14 for gestational ultrasound follow-up attended in three health care institutions in Bogotá, Colombia, between May 2014 and October 2018. A bivariate descriptive analysis was carried out where the relationship between the characteristics of the DV in the first trimester and ultrasound findings. Results: the flow wave of the DV in the first trimester was normal in the entire sample, with a pulsatility index of the ductus venosus (DVPI) of 0.96±0.18. In addition, a negative correlation was found between the crown-rump length (CRL) and the DVPI (p<0.05). Conclusion: there is a relationship between the DVPI regarding the CRL, indicating an interest in this early marker in relation to fetal growth alterations; however, more studies are required to determine the usefulness of this variable with respect to fetal growth.

Resumen Objetivos: evaluar la relación entre el ductus venoso (DV) y las variables del crecimiento fetal en primer trimestre en una población de gestantes colombianas. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo con datos secundarios obtenidos de un estudio multicéntrico. Se incluyeron 526 pacientes entre las semanas 11 a 14 para seguimiento ecográfico gestacional atendidas en tres instituciones prestadoras de salud en Bogotá, Colombia, entre mayo del 2014 y octubre del 2018. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo bivariado donde se evaluó la relación entre las características del DV en primer trimestre y los hallazgos ecográficos. Resultados: la onda de flujo del DV en primer trimestre fue normal en la totalidad de la muestra, con un índice medio de pulsatilidad del ductus venoso (IPDV) de 0,96±0.18. Se encontró una correlación negativa entre la longitud cefalocaudal (LCC) y el IPDV (p<0.05). Conclusión: existe una relación entre el IPDV respecto a la LCC, señalando un interés de este marcador temprano en relación con las alteraciones del crecimiento fetal, sin embargo, se requieren más estudios para determinar la utilidad entre esta variable respecto al crecimiento fetal

Abstract Despite the recognized impact of diet on non-communicable diseases, the association between the Mediterranean diet and periodontal diseases is still uncertain. This study aimed to determine the association between adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Index (MDI) and self-reported gingival health status in Chilean adults, exploring the feasibility of using validated web-based survey questionnaires. Methodology Cross-sectional data were collected from a representative sample of a population of Chilean adults (18-60 years old) using a low-cost and time-saving methodology. By the PsyToolkit platform, anonymous survey data were downloaded and analyzed in bivariate (crude) and backward stepwise selection multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic determinants, smoking, and dental attendance using STATA 17. Odds ratios (OR) [95% confidence intervals] were estimated. Results In total, 351 complete statistical data were mostly obtained from female university students who had never smoked and reported having visited a dentist in the previous year. Multivariate regression models showed an association between MDI and very good/good gingival health status (OR 1.18 [95% CI 1.04-1.34], p=0.013), absence of bleeding on toothbrushing (OR 1.12 [95% CI 1.01-1.25], p=0.035), and absence of clinical signs of gingival inflammation (OR 1.24 [95% CI 1.10-1.40], p<0.001), after controlling for age, sex, educational level, smoking, and dental attendance. Conclusions We associated adherence to the Mediterranean diet with better self-reported gingival health status in a population of Chilean adults in an entirely web-based research environment. Longitudinal studies with random sampling are required to establish the effect of diet on gingival and periodontal health. Nevertheless, this evidence could contribute to the design of low-cost surveillance programs to reduce the burden of periodontal disease and related “common risk factors”.

Abstract Learning to anticipate events based on the predictive relationship between an action and an outcome (operant conditioning) is a form of associative learning shared by humans and most of other living beings, including invertebrates. Several behavioral studies on the mechanisms of operant conditioning have included Melipona quadrifasciata, a honey bee that is easily manipulated due to lack of sting. In this work, brain proteomes of Melipona bees trained using operant conditioning and untrained (control) bees were compared by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis within pI range of 3-10 and 4–7; in order to find proteins specifically related to this type of associative learning.One protein was detected with differential protein abundance in the brains of trained bees, when compared to not trained ones, through computational gel imaging and statistical analysis. This protein was identified by peptide mass fingerprinting and MS/MS peptide fragmentation using a MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometer as one isoform of arginine kinase monomer, apparently dephosphorylated. Brain protein maps were obtained by 2-DE (Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis) from a total proteins and phosphoproteins extract of the bee Melipona quadrifasciata. One isoform of arginine kinase, probably a dephosphorylated isoform, was significantly more abundant in the brain of trained bees using operant conditioning. Arginine kinase has been reported as an important enzyme of the energy releasing process in the visual system of the bee, but it may carry out additional and unexpected functions in the bee brain for learning process.

Abstract Using a bur multiple times to prepare dental structure may produce a smoother final surface on dentin than a new one. This superficial roughness may affect adhesion with resin-based materials by modifying the substrates' characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of multiple uses of diamond burs on dentin's superficial microroughness and bond strength with resin composite when using a self-etch adhesive. Diamond dental burs were used to simulate a preparation (dentin flat surface) on extracted third molars. Samples were distributed into groups according to burs' number of previous uses as follows: 0, 1, 5 and 10. Scanning electron microscopy images at 70x, 350x, and 1000x were used to illustrate burs' deformation. Each specimen's dentin microroughness was measured three times to compare between experimental groups and the micro-shear bond strength test (n=15) was performed for the 0 and 10 uses groups using a universal adhesive in a self- etching mode. Diamond crystals wear and dislodgements were evident among groups where the burs were used more times. As the number of uses increased the mean microroughness of the dentin surface decreased with significant differences between the 0 and 10 uses groups. No statistical differences between experimental groups resulted from bond strength tests. When using a universal adhesive in a self-etching mode, the number of previous uses of a diamond bur seems to have no significant effect on dentin/resin composite bond strength.

Resumen El uso de una fresa múltiples veces para preparar la estructura dental puede producir una superficie final más lisa en la dentina que una fresa nueva. Esta rugosidad superficial modifica las características del sustrato y puede afectar la adhesión con materiales resinosos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de los múltiples usos de las fresas de diamante sobre la micro rugosidad superficial de la dentina y la resistencia adhesiva con la resina compuesta cuando se utiliza un adhesivo de autograbado. Se utilizaron fresas dentales de diamante para simular una preparación (superficie plana de la dentina) en terceros molares extraídos. Las muestras se distribuyeron en grupos según el número de usos previos de las fresas de la siguiente manera: 0, 1, 5 y 10. Se utilizaron imágenes de microscopía electrónica de barrido a ×70, ×350 y ×1000 para ilustrar la deformación de las fresas. Se midió la micro rugosidad de la dentina de cada espécimen tres veces para comparar entre los grupos experimentales y se realizó la prueba de resistencia a la adhesión por micro cizallamiento (n=15) para los grupos de 0 y 10 usos utilizando un adhesivo universal en modo de autograbado. El desgaste de los cristales de diamante y los desprendimientos fueron evidentes entre los grupos en los que las fresas se utilizaron más veces. A medida que aumentaba el número de usos, la micro rugosidad media de la superficie de la dentina disminuyó, con diferencias significativas entre los grupos de 0 y 10 usos. En las pruebas de resistencia adhesiva no se observaron diferencias estadísticas entre los grupos experimentales. Cuando se utiliza un adhesivo universal en modo de autograbado, el número de usos previos de una fresa de diamante no parece tener un efecto significativo en la resistencia de la unión dentina/resina del composite.

Resumen La frontera que comparten México y Guatemala es una región compleja de analizar por la diversidad de dinámicas entre ambos países. Una amenaza de la región es el cambio de uso de suelo, donde existen una serie de impulsores de cambio y condicionantes ambientales que hacen prioritario su análisis. La presente investigación revisa los cambios de uso de suelo que ocurrieron entre 1990 y 2010, mismos que se usan como base para construir un escenario tendencial al año 2030 a través de utilizar la red neuronal perceptrón multicapa. El escenario resultante muestra el crecimiento de la agricultura y de las zonas urbanas, así como la pérdida de bosques, otras vegetaciones y cuerpos de agua. Esta información evidencia la necesidad de analizar las implicaciones socioambientales que ello podría traer consigo.

Abstract The shared border between Mexico and Guatemala is a complex region to analyze due to the diverse dynamics between both countries. One threat to the area is the land-use change, where many drivers of change and environmental conditions make it a priority to analyze. This research studies the land-use changes that occurred between 1990 and 2010; these are used as a basis for constructing a trend scenario to the year 2030 through the use of the multilayer perceptron neural network. The resulting scenario shows the growth of agriculture and urban areas, as well as the loss of forests, other vegetation, and water bodies. This information highlights the need to analyze the socio-environmental implications that this could bring about.